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HOPEA (Hopea parviflora)

Trade Name

Hopea

Scientific Name

Hopea parviflora Bedd.

Family

Dipterocarpaceae

Common Names

irumbangan (India); thambagam (India); kamagam (India)

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

Large to very large,25-40 m in height with a clear bole of l0-20 m and up to 130 m in diameter; often buttressed. Bark light brown, mottled with white, smooth in young trees, changes to rusty brown and rough as the tree grows old

Natural Distribution

West coast tropical evergreen, Southern hill-top tropilcal evergreen, West coast semi-evergreen and West coast secondary evergreen Dipterocarps forests

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Occasionally vessels in tangential pattern. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 200 micras. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Occasionally tyloses common. Yellow-colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma in thick bands. Rays exclusively uniseriate. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Axial canals.

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

Yellowish-brown to reddish -brown when first exposed, on ageing to dark reddish brown with white lines at intervals, sapwood and heartwood not distinct.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

6

Grain

Broad, shallowly interlocked

Texture

texture fine

Natural Durability

Very durable. Heartwood very refractory to treatment.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

2

Wood Physical Properties

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.93

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

8.1

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.8

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.1

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

13554

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

145100

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

692

Workability

Sawing

Difficult to saw and work

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Peeling extremely difficult

Sliced Veneer

Peeling extremely difficult

Finishing

gives a good finish and takes fine polish.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, stakes posts, rails, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, frames, TOOLS, tool handles, CONTAINERS, cooperage, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, boat deck, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts

Poles
  • 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
  • 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Rails
  • 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Cooperage
  • 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Boats
  • 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Boat Decking
  • 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Storage
  • 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)

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