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INGYIN, BALAU (Shorea siamensis)

Trade Name

Ingyin, Balau

Scientific Name

Shorea siamensis Miq.

Family

DIPTEROCARPACEAE

Common Names

Temak batu (Malaysia); Reang phnom (Cambodia); Reang (Cambodia); Ca chac xanh (Vietnam); Pan (Thailand); Rang (Thailand); Indaing (Myanmar); Eng yin (Myanmar); Ingyin (Myanmar); Ingyin (India)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Pentacme suavis A.DC.; Pentacme siamensis (Miq.) Kurz; Pentacme malayana King

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is large tree, attaining a height of 24 m and a girth of 150 to 180 cm. The bole is clear up to 18 m.

Natural Habitat

Shorea siamensis occurs in dry dipterocarp forests overlying poor and rocky or limestone soils from the sea level up to 1,000 m of altitude.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Tyloses common. Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

It has no distinct odor or taste.

Color

The heartwood is yellowish brown to grayish brown. The sapwood is pale grayish.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

5

Grain

The grain is mostly interlocked.

Texture

The texture is typically medium to coarse.

Natural Durability

It is very durable. This timber is reported to be resistant against termite attack.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

2

Resistance To Impregnation

This timber is reported to respond poorly to preservative treatment.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.77

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.87

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

8.9

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

4.8

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

JP-1

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.9

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1131

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

160166

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1172

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

745

Workability

Sawing

It is easy to cut it if stellite tipped. It needs frequent saw changing.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Balau is unsuitable for lamination.

Sliced Veneer

Balau is unsuitable for lamination.

Blunting Effect

It exerts a severe blunting effect on the cutting elements.

Machining

It is easy if specially sharp cutters are used, but severe difficulties can appear if interlocked grain is present.

Planing

Planing of air dried timber is fair to difficult.

Boring

When in green condition, it is easy to bore, but boring of air-dried timber is slightly difficult.

Nailing

Pre-boring recommended for nailing.

Gluing

Gluing behavior is reportedly good.

Finishing

It gives good results if it is properly filled.

Staining

Untreated timber becomes gray when weathered.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, crossties, TOOLS, tool handles, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
  • 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America

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