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JOHAR (Cassia javanica)
Trade Name
Johar
Scientific Name
Cassia javanica L.
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Antsoan (Philippines); Pink shower (Philippines); Busok-busok (Malaysia); Bebusok (Malaysia); Johar; Antosan (Philippines); Boking-boking (Indonesia); Kalaphruk (Thailand); Bobondelan (Indonesia); Bo pruk (Cambodia); Khoun loy (Laos); Trengguli (Indonesia); Kalapaphruk (Thailand); Buf cajp (Vietnam); Anchoan (Philippines); Chaiyaphruk (Thailand)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Cathartocarpus javanicus Pers.; Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.; Cassia megalantha Decne.; Cassia bacillus Gaertn.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is medium-sized tree up to 25 m tall and 70 cm in diameter. In the Philippines the bole is straight, cylindrical, usually 5 to 8 m in length, other reports indicate that the boles are often curved.
Natural Habitat
It is found in more open sites in the forest, up to 400 m of altitude, but it can also occur in closed evergreen forests.
Plantations Available?
Plantations of this species for timber are reported in South East Asia. It is also planted in Central and South America as an ornamental tree.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more. Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size a Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Occasionally apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in cham 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Occasionally rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Occasionally larger rays more than 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Occasionally Septate fibers present. Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood is white or creamy white, turning light brown on drying, and distinctly marked off from the heartwood, which is light yellow when fresh turning to brick red with age.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is interlocked.
Texture
Texture is moderately fine.
Natural Durability
The sapwood is very perishable, the heartwood is moderately durable when exposed to the weather or in contact with the ground, and very durable for interior work.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Resistance To Impregnation
It is very difficult to treat with preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.75
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.85
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.9
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.0
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.5
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
866
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
116500
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
712
Workability
Sawing
Sawing operations are rated as fair to difficult.
Machining
This species is easy to machine.
Finishing
Finishing of this wood is easy.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, stakes posts, rails, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, TOOLS, tool handles, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, pencil
Exterior General
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Bridges
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Stake Posts
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Rails
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Crossties
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General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Pencils
- 67 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VIII, Calophyllum brasilense, Couratari panamensis, Dendropanax arboreum y Bombacopsis sessilis
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