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KABOK (Irvingia malayana)

Trade Name

Kabok

Scientific Name

Irvingia malayana Oliver ex Bennett

Family

SIMAROUBACEAE

Common Names

Barking deer`s mango; Kayu batu (Indonesia); Bongin (Indonesia); Kabok; Kayu batu (Borneo); Kra bok (Thailand); Pauh kijang (Sumatra); Patok entilit (Sarawak); Taung-thayet (Myanmar); Bongin; Selangan tandok (Sabah); Pauh kijang (Malaysia); Pauh kijang (Indonesia)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Irvingia oliveri Pierre; Irvingia longipedicellata Gagnep.; Irvingia harmandiana Pierre

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a large to very large tree up to 60 m tall. The bole is straight, up to 150 cm in diameter, with prominent, thin and steep buttresses up to 8 m high.

Natural Habitat

Irvingia malayana grows scattered in primary lowland rain forests in drier locations, up to 300 m of altitude.

Natural Distribution

It can be found from Indo-China southwards to Sumatra and Borneo.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Occasionally intervessel pits small, 7 m Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 5 to 8 cells per parenchym Occasionally rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Ray height more than 1 mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cel Fibers very thin walled. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The heartwood is yellow-brown with a greenish tinge, somewhat differentiated from the pale yellow-brown or pale brown sapwood.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

5

Grain

It is shallowly interlocked.

Texture

Texture of this species is reported as moderately fine and even.

Natural Durability

The is reported as moderately durable.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

3

Resistance To Impregnation

It absorbs preservatives easily.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.91

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

1.07

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

9.3

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.7

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Needlewood has good drying characteristics, and is reported that 13 mm and 38 mm thick boards took about 2.5 months and 3 months, respectively to air dry in Malaysia. Figures from Indonesia indicate slower air drying, e.g. 7 months for 30 mm thick boards. Drying Defects: Risk of warping and checking. Reports from Indonesia say that slight to severe risk of cupping, bowing, twisting or splitting may occur.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-C

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.6

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

718

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

129

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

173

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

1341

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

1261

Workability

Sawing

Cutting resistance is generally high.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

If thoroughly steamed can produce decorative sliced veneers with colored stripes.

Sliced Veneer

If thoroughly steamed can produce decorative sliced veneers with colored stripes.

Machining

Special cutters are needed because of the presence of interlocked grain.

Nailing

It needs pre-boring for nailing and screwing.

Finishing

It has a bad finishing, rough surfaces require sanding.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
  • 24 - Empire Timbers
Sports
  • 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)

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