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KABOK (Irvingia malayana)
Trade Name
Kabok
Scientific Name
Irvingia malayana Oliver ex Bennett
Family
SIMAROUBACEAE
Common Names
Barking deer`s mango; Kayu batu (Indonesia); Bongin (Indonesia); Kabok; Kayu batu (Borneo); Kra bok (Thailand); Pauh kijang (Sumatra); Patok entilit (Sarawak); Taung-thayet (Myanmar); Bongin; Selangan tandok (Sabah); Pauh kijang (Malaysia); Pauh kijang (Indonesia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Irvingia oliveri Pierre; Irvingia longipedicellata Gagnep.; Irvingia harmandiana Pierre
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a large to very large tree up to 60 m tall. The bole is straight, up to 150 cm in diameter, with prominent, thin and steep buttresses up to 8 m high.
Natural Habitat
Irvingia malayana grows scattered in primary lowland rain forests in drier locations, up to 300 m of altitude.
Natural Distribution
It can be found from Indo-China southwards to Sumatra and Borneo.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Occasionally intervessel pits small, 7 m Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 5 to 8 cells per parenchym Occasionally rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Ray height more than 1 mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cel Fibers very thin walled. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is yellow-brown with a greenish tinge, somewhat differentiated from the pale yellow-brown or pale brown sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
It is shallowly interlocked.
Texture
Texture of this species is reported as moderately fine and even.
Natural Durability
The is reported as moderately durable.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Resistance To Impregnation
It absorbs preservatives easily.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.91
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
1.07
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.3
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.7
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Needlewood has good drying characteristics, and is reported that 13 mm and 38 mm thick boards took about 2.5 months and 3 months, respectively to air dry in Malaysia. Figures from Indonesia indicate slower air drying, e.g. 7 months for 30 mm thick boards. Drying Defects: Risk of warping and checking. Reports from Indonesia say that slight to severe risk of cupping, bowing, twisting or splitting may occur.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-C
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
718
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
129
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
173
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
1341
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
1261
Workability
Sawing
Cutting resistance is generally high.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
If thoroughly steamed can produce decorative sliced veneers with colored stripes.
Sliced Veneer
If thoroughly steamed can produce decorative sliced veneers with colored stripes.
Machining
Special cutters are needed because of the presence of interlocked grain.
Nailing
It needs pre-boring for nailing and screwing.
Finishing
It has a bad finishing, rough surfaces require sanding.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
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