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KERUING (Dipterocarpus hasseltii)

Trade Name

Keruing

Scientific Name

Dipterocarpus hasseltii Blume

Family

Dipterocarpaceae

Common Names

Palawan panau (Philippines); Hasselt's panau (Philippines); Keruing kerukup kechil (Sabah); Keruing laut (Malaysia); Keruing ropol (Malaysia); Jempinang (Indonesia); Dau (Cambodia); Indonesian gurjun (United Kingdom); Keruing (France); Keruwing (Germany); Keruing (Italy); Keruing (Sweden); Kruen (France); Kruen (Italy); Yang (Thailand); Eng (Myanmar); Kanyin (Myanmar); Dau (Vietnam); Gurjun (India); Indonesian gurjun (United States of America); Kruen (Sweden); Keruing bunga (Indonesia); In (Myanmar); Keruing (Indonesia); Panau (Philippines); Hagakhak (Philippines); Keroewing (Netherlands); Keruing (Malaysia); Basilan (Philippines); Bagac (Philippines); Apitong (Philippines); Indonesian keruing (United Kingdom); Indonesian keruing (United States of America)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Dipterocarpus tampurau Korth.; Dipterocarpus subalpinus Foxw.; Dipterocarpus balsamiferus Blume

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a large tree up to45 m tall. The bole is strongly tapering, up to 150 cm in diameter. The buttresses are flattish. This species is considered an oleo-resin tree.

Natural Habitat

A large tree of lowland dipterocarp forest, cut for keruing timber.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Sheath cells. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal ce Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

It has a distinctive smell of resin.

Color

The sapwood is yellowish to grayish-brown and usually distinctly demarcated from the heartwood, which is grayish-brown to red-brown.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

4

Grain

The grain is straight, sometimes interlocked.

Texture

The texture varies from moderately coarse to coarse but even.

Natural Durability

Most of the species in the keruing group are rated as moderately durable. The resistance against dry wood insects is poor.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

3

Silica Content

Silica Content: This timber is reported to have silica. Silica contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.63

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.70

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

8.5

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.5

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be difficult. Drying Defects: It is prone to warping, checking and collapse. Kiln Schedules: Schedule suggested for Brush box. Air seasoning before kiln drying is recommended.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-D; JP-3; US-T3-D2

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.4

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

836

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

131808

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

469

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

61

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

427

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

523

Workability

Sawing

It is easy to cross cut but slightly difficult to saw. Resin present in wood is reported to clog the saw-teeth.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Resin patches are usually seen on the surface of the veneer. Preheating is essential for good peeling.

Sliced Veneer

Resin patches are usually seen on the surface of the veneer. Preheating is essential for good peeling.

Blunting Effect

Wood with high silica content quickly blunts saw-teeth.

Planing

Planing of this species is reported to be easy.

Boring

Boring of this species is fair.

Nailing

This species is reported to have a poor nailing behavior.

Gluing

The resin interferes with the gluing properties and the species that are too oily are generally not used.

Finishing

This species is reported to be easy to finish. Resin exudation, if present, may difficult finishing.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America

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