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KULIM (Scorodocarpus borneensis)

Trade Name

Kulim

Scientific Name

Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baillon) Becc.

Family

Olacaceae

Common Names

Kulim (Thailand); Kuleng (Thailand); Krathiam ton (Thailand); ungsunah (Malaysia); Sagan berauh (Malaysia); Kayu bawang utan (Indonesia); Bawang hutan (Brunei Darussalam); Ungsanah; Terdu; Sinoh; Sinduk; Sedau; Rengon; Merca; Marsindu; Madudu; Kudar; Kasino; Jaui; Forest garlic; Cepeluk; Buwanghutan; Bawang utan; Ansam; Selaru (Borneo); Kayu bawang (Indonesia); Selaru (Indonesia); Bawang hutan (Sarawak); Kulim (Malaysia); Ugsunah (Sarawak); Ugsunah (Indonesia); Bawang hutan (Malaysia)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Ximenia borneensis Baillon

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a medium-sized to large tree, to 40 m tall, 80 cm in diameter. The bole is straight, up to 25 m, occasionally with small, low buttresses.

Natural Habitat

It is found throughout lowland forests, occasionally gregarious, up to 600 m of altitude.

Natural Distribution

It is distributed in Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Occasionally vessels per mm2 more than 20. Multiple perforation plates. Intervessel pits large, Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma in narrow bands on lines up to 3 cells wide. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Ray height more than 1 mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

When fresh it smells of garlic, it has a peppery smell when dry.

Color

The sapwood is clearly distinct, light yellow in color. The heartwood varies from reddish brown to purple-brown.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

3

Grain

It is wavy or deeply interlocked.

Texture

The texture varies from moderately fine to medium coarse.

Natural Durability

It is moderately resistant to fungi and insect attack.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

4

Silica Content

Silica Content: It is non-siliceous. Silica Value: 0

Resistance To Impregnation

This species is reported to be moderately permeable.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.77

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.88

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

9.3

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

4.1

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of checks. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.3

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1325

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

160747

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

666

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

135

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

609

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

887

Workability

Sawing

It is a heavy wood, the response in sawing is easy to fair.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

It is difficult to peel due to its hardness.

Sliced Veneer

It is difficult to peel due to its hardness.

Machining

Machining process is easy if interlocked grain is absent, special cutters are required.

Moulding

Molding is reported to give poor results.

Boring

Boring of this species is reported to be easy.

Mortising

This species is easy to mortise.

Nailing

Nailing is difficult, it needs pre-boring.

Gluing

It is reported to be easy to glue.

Sanding

Sanding of this species is reportedly easy.

Finishing

The response of this species in finishing is good unless interlocked grain is present.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
  • 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
  • 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Paling Fence Pickets
  • 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Stake Posts
  • 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Rails
  • 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Sports
  • 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Port Pillar
  • 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino

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