KULIM (Scorodocarpus borneensis)
Trade Name
Kulim
Scientific Name
Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baillon) Becc.
Family
Olacaceae
Common Names
Kulim (Thailand); Kuleng (Thailand); Krathiam ton (Thailand); ungsunah (Malaysia); Sagan berauh (Malaysia); Kayu bawang utan (Indonesia); Bawang hutan (Brunei Darussalam); Ungsanah; Terdu; Sinoh; Sinduk; Sedau; Rengon; Merca; Marsindu; Madudu; Kudar; Kasino; Jaui; Forest garlic; Cepeluk; Buwanghutan; Bawang utan; Ansam; Selaru (Borneo); Kayu bawang (Indonesia); Selaru (Indonesia); Bawang hutan (Sarawak); Kulim (Malaysia); Ugsunah (Sarawak); Ugsunah (Indonesia); Bawang hutan (Malaysia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Ximenia borneensis Baillon
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to large tree, to 40 m tall, 80 cm in diameter. The bole is straight, up to 25 m, occasionally with small, low buttresses.
Natural Habitat
It is found throughout lowland forests, occasionally gregarious, up to 600 m of altitude.
Natural Distribution
It is distributed in Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Occasionally vessels per mm2 more than 20. Multiple perforation plates. Intervessel pits large, Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma in narrow bands on lines up to 3 cells wide. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Ray height more than 1 mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
When fresh it smells of garlic, it has a peppery smell when dry.
Color
The sapwood is clearly distinct, light yellow in color. The heartwood varies from reddish brown to purple-brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
3
Grain
It is wavy or deeply interlocked.
Texture
The texture varies from moderately fine to medium coarse.
Natural Durability
It is moderately resistant to fungi and insect attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
4
Silica Content
Silica Content: It is non-siliceous. Silica Value: 0
Resistance To Impregnation
This species is reported to be moderately permeable.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.77
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.88
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.3
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.1
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of checks. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.3
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1325
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
160747
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
666
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
135
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
609
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
887
Workability
Sawing
It is a heavy wood, the response in sawing is easy to fair.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
It is difficult to peel due to its hardness.
Sliced Veneer
It is difficult to peel due to its hardness.
Machining
Machining process is easy if interlocked grain is absent, special cutters are required.
Moulding
Molding is reported to give poor results.
Boring
Boring of this species is reported to be easy.
Mortising
This species is easy to mortise.
Nailing
Nailing is difficult, it needs pre-boring.
Gluing
It is reported to be easy to glue.
Sanding
Sanding of this species is reportedly easy.
Finishing
The response of this species in finishing is good unless interlocked grain is present.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Paling Fence Pickets
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Rails
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
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