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LILIN (Xanthophyllum papuanum)
Trade Name
Lilin
Scientific Name
Xanthophyllum papuanum Whitm. Ex v.d. Meijden
Family
POLYGALACEAE
Common Names
Papua New Guinea boxwood (Papua New Guinea); Menjalin (Indonesia)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a large tree with columnar, oval or fluted boles, up to 25 m. The buttresses are thick, concave, rounded, up to 4 m high, sometimes absent.
Natural Habitat
It is scattered throughout Papua New Guinea and some of the Solomon Islands in well-drained lowland rainforests.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Occasionally vessels of two distinct diameter classes, wood not ring-porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Occasionally apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma aliform. Occasionally axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally prismatic crystals in chamber Occasionally rays exclusively uniseriate. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood is pale yellow merging into slightly darker heartwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
6
Grain
The grain is usually straight or interlocked.
Texture
This species is reported to have a medium to coarse texture.
Natural Durability
Both sapwood and heartwood are susceptible to pinhole borer, termite and marine borer attack, and to sap-stain.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
Preservative penetration of sapwood is reported to be irregular in some cases.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.70
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.78
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.0
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.7
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of checks. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1310
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
170836
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
727
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
109
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
142
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
851
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
982
Workability
Sawing
The wood is very abrasive.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Veneer dries easily without defects, its surface is smooth to fairly smooth.
Sliced Veneer
Veneer dries easily without defects, its surface is smooth to fairly smooth.
Blunting Effect
It has a severe blunting effect on the saw-teeth.
Machining
Machining of this species is reported to be difficult, but machined surfaces are smooth. Tungsten reinforced cutting tools are recommended.
Turning
30
Gluing
It has a fair response in gluing.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, pallets, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, paper
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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