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MAKORé (Tieghemella africana)

Trade Name

Makoré

Scientific Name

Tieghemella africana Pierre

Family

SAPOTACEAE

Common Names

Makoré (Côte d`Ivoire); Okolla (Gabon); Douka (Equatorial Guinea); Douka (Gabon); Okolla (Equatorial Guinea); Abacu (Ghana); Baku (Ghana); Ukola (Gabon)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Lecomtedoxa vazii Dubard; Dumoria africana (Pierre) Dubard; Baillonella africana (Pierre) Baehni

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

The tree reaches a height of more than 50 to more than 50 m. The bole is cylindrical, straight and clear to 32 m in length, unbuttressed. The trunk diameter attains 130 cm, sometimes even over 300 cm.A

Natural Habitat

Tieghemella africana is a timber species with a wide distribution in areas of lowland rainforest. It is found in dense virgin rain forests, often in large concentrations. It is known or inferred that unless the species is subject to strict regulation, i

Natural Distribution

West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Cameroon, Gabon and Cabinda.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in dendritic pattern. Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels pe Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines or fine bands. Occasionally siliceous bodies in the axial parenchyma. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The sapwood is whitish to pale pink, it has a thickness of 5 to 7 cm. The heartwood is from pinkish brown to dark red-brown, it is clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

2

Grain

Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.

Texture

The texture varies from fine to medium.

Luster

The wood surface is described as low in luster.

Natural Durability

Very durable to decay; without preservative treatment. This species is especially suited for all the uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attacks.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

1

Internal Growth Stresses

No growth stresses are reported in this species.

Silica Content

Silica Content: This timber is reported to have silica. Silica contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.3

Resistance To Impregnation

Difficult to treat with only a low penetration of the preservative products.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.65

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.72

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.9

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.3

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is fairly easy; some difficulties could occur when drying too fast. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

FR-4

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.3

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1071

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

148800

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

635

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

85

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

113

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

644

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

737

Workability

Sawing

Sawing of this species is easy to moderately easy.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.

Sliced Veneer

Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.

Blunting Effect

Severe blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are recommended.

Machining

Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.

Planing

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Moulding

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Turning

30

Boring

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Mortising

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Nailing

Pre-boring is necessary.

Gluing

Difficult to glue because of high density.

Sanding

Easy to perform; it gives good results.

Polishing

Can be polished without surface preparation.

Steam Bending

This species can be used for steam bending.

Response To Hand Tools

Working with hand tools is difficult.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, boat hulls, boat deck, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
  • 15 - Empire Timbers
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
  • 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
  • 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
  • 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Cabinet
  • 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
  • 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Decorative veneer
  • 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
  • 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
  • 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
  • 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Lasts
  • 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
  • 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Boat Hulls
  • 57 - Estadísticas de Aprovechamiento, Exportación y comercialización Nacional de Productos Forestales
Boat Decking
  • 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Storage
  • 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)

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