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MAKORé (Tieghemella heckelii)

Trade Name

Makoré

Scientific Name

Tieghemella heckelii Pierre

Family

SAPOTACEAE

Common Names

Makoré (Côte d`Ivoire); Okolla (Gabon); Douka (Gabon); Okolla (Equatorial Guinea); Douka (Equatorial Guinea); Douka Douka (Gabon); Abacu (Ghana); Baku (Ghana); Makoré

Scientific Name Synonyms

Mimusops hechelii (A. Chev.) Hutch. & Dalz.; Dumoria heckelii A. Chev.; Baillonella heckelii (Pierre ex A. Chev.) Baehni

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

The tree reaches a height of more than 50 m. The bole is cylindrical, straight and clear to 32 m in length, unbuttressed. The trunk diameter attains 130 cm, sometimes even up to 300 cm.

Natural Habitat

Tieghemella heckelii is an important timber species found mainly in wet evergreen rainforest. It is widely distributed in primary forests. It is known or inferred that the harvesting of specimens from the wild for international trade has, or may have, a d

Natural Distribution

West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Cameroon, Gabon and Cabinda.

Plantations Available?

It is a long rotation species for plantation. The duration of the rotation is 60-80 years, to reach 60 cm in diameter.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in dendritic pattern. Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels pe Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines or fine bands. Occasionally siliceous bodies in the axial parenchyma. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The sapwood is whitish to pale pink, it has a thickness of 5 to 7 cm. The heartwood is from pinkish brown to dark red-brown, it is clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

4

Grain

Straight; grain has no particular influence on drying, machining and finishing qualities.

Texture

This species is reported to have a fine to medium texture.

Luster

Luster is reported to be low.

Natural Durability

Very durable to decay; without preservative treatment. This species is especially suited for all the uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attacks.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

1

Internal Growth Stresses

Residual growth stresses are absent.

Silica Content

Silica Content: Negligible content of silica is reported. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.03

Resistance To Impregnation

Difficult to treat with only a low penetration of the preservative products.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.61

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.67

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

7.5

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.8

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

FR-4

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.3

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

934

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

137332

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

570

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

74

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

89

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

559

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

659

Workability

Sawing

Sawing of this species is easy to moderately easy.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.

Sliced Veneer

Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.

Blunting Effect

Severe blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are recommended.

Machining

Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.

Planing

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Moulding

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Turning

30

Boring

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Mortising

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Nailing

Pre-boring is necessary.

Gluing

Difficult to glue because of high density.

Sanding

Easy to perform; it gives good results.

Polishing

Can be polished without surface preparation.

Steam Bending

This species can be used for steam bending.

Response To Hand Tools

Working with hand tools is difficult.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, boat hulls, boat deck, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
  • 15 - Empire Timbers
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
  • 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
  • 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
  • 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Cabinet
  • 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
  • 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Decorative veneer
  • 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
  • 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
  • 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
  • 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Lasts
  • 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
  • 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Boat Hulls
  • 57 - Estadísticas de Aprovechamiento, Exportación y comercialización Nacional de Productos Forestales
Boat Decking
  • 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Storage
  • 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)

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