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MERAWAN (Hopea mengarawan)
Trade Name
Merawan
Scientific Name
Hopea mengarawan Miq.
Family
Dipterocarpaceae
Common Names
Merawan (United States of America); Damar cermin (Indonesia); Damar mata kucing (Indonesia); Tengerawan (Indonesia); Tengerawan (Sumatra); Tekan lampung (Borneo); Wapei (West Irian); Manggachapui (Philippines); Mai takien (Thailand); Merawan (Malaysia); Merawan (United Kingdom); Merawan (Indonesia); Merawan (France); Merawan (Spain); Merawan (Italy); Merawan (Sweden); Merawan (Netherlands); Merawan (Germany); Sengal (Malaysia); Damar lilin (Indonesia); Mang (Sarawak); Light hopea (Papua New Guinea); Sengal (Indonesia); Gagil (Sabah); Selangan (Sabah); Selangan-kasha (Sarawak); Takhian (Thailand); Thingan (Myanmar); Sau (Vietnam)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to large tree of up to 40 m tall. The bole is branchless for up to 25 m, sometimes more, with a diameter of up to 90 cm and prominently buttressed. It produces a good quality dammar resin.
Natural Habitat
Scattered throughout lowland mixed dipterocarp forest, this species is an important source of merawan timber.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 200 micras. Vestured pits. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Inter Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Ray width 1 to 3 cells. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood is slightly differentiated, pale yellow-brown. The heartwood is yellowish when fresh, light to chocolate reddish brown after exposure.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
It is straight to somewhat wavy.
Texture
The texture varies from moderately fine to medium
Natural Durability
It is durable and fairly resistant to fungi and insect attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
2
Silica Content
Silica Content: It is reported containing 0.2% silica. Silica Value: 0.2
Resistance To Impregnation
It is very difficult to treat with preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.75
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.85
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.1
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.7
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-C; US-T3-C2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.3
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
958
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
141794
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
520
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
51
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
390
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
518
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this species is easy.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Veneer 1.5 mm thick can be made satisfactorily with a peeling angle of 91 degrees.
Sliced Veneer
Veneer 1.5 mm thick can be made satisfactorily with a peeling angle of 91 degrees.
Machining
Machining of this species is reported to be easy.
Planing
Planing is reported to be easy.
Boring
Boring of this species is reported to be easy.
Nailing
This species is reported to have a good nailing behavior.
Gluing
It is reported to be easy to glue.
Finishing
It is easy to finish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, frames, steps, CONTAINERS, chemical storage
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Containers
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Chemical Storage
- 52 - Propiedades mecanicas y asociadas del pino insigne (Pinus radiata d.don)
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