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MERBATU (Maranthes corymbosa)
Trade Name
Merbatu
Scientific Name
Maranthes corymbosa Blume
Family
CHRYSOBALANACEAE
Common Names
Sea beam; Bingas (Philippines); Liusin (France); Kayu batu (Indonesia); Kalek keruseng (Sumatra); Kalek keruseng (Indonesia); Bangkawang (Sabah); Nyalin lain (Sarawak); Busu plum (Papua New Guinea); Merbatu; Alamag (Philippines); Chi khat phen (Thailand); Kolaka (Indonesia); Chi ot phen (Thailand); Liusin (Philippines); Merbatu laut (Malaysia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Parinarium palauense Kanehira; Parinarium griffithianum Benth.; Parinarium corymbosum (Blume) Miq.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a tree up to 30 m tall and 150 cm in diameter, unbuttressed.
Natural Habitat
It can be found in lowland forests, especially on ridges, on primary and secondary sites.
Natural Distribution
It is common throughout Solomon Islands, New Guinea, Santa Cruz Islands, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Occasionally tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundan Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays of two distinct sizes. Ray height more than 1 mm. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Sheath cells. Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells (chambered cells). Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of u Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
The wood has no characteristic taste but it has a sweet odor.
Color
The sapwood is straw to pale brown, not clearly defined from red-brown or dark brown heartwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
The grain is straight to slightly interlocked.
Texture
The texture of this species is reported to vary from medium to coarse.
Natural Durability
This timber is fairly resistant to marine borers, but the sapwood is liable to pinhole borer attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Silica Content
Silica Content: It contains 0.9% silica. Silica Value: 0.9
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood is permeable, but the heartwood is moderately resistant to impregnation.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.85
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.99
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
12.6
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.3
Drying Defects
Kiln Schedules: Schedule suggested for Spondias.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.4
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1554
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
201202
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
812
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
95
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
137
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
1107
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
1253
Workability
Sawing
It is very difficult to saw, especially when seasoned.
Blunting Effect
Dulling of cutting tools is moderate.
Machining
It is very difficult to work especially when seasoned because of its siliceous nature.
Turning
30
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, flooring, parquet, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, heavy packing, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, port pillar, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, wheel
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Heavy Packing
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Wheels
- 75 - Tropenholzer
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