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PARARTOCARPUS (Parartocarpus venenosus)

Trade Name

Parartocarpus

Scientific Name

Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Becc.

Family

MORACEAE

Common Names

Pinggi; Parartocarpus; Minggi; Keledang; Katik; Ara berteh paya; Ara berteh; Terap hutan (Sabah); Kapiak (Papua New Guinea); Pudau (Sarawak); Tampang (Malaysia); Upas (India); Kamansi (Papua New Guinea); Terap (Malaysia)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Parartocarpus woodii (Merr.) Merr.; Parartocarpus triandra (J.J. Smith) J.J. Smith; Gymnartocarpus venenosa (Zoll. & Moritzi) Boerl

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is an evergreen, monoecious, medium-sized to large tree up to 45 m tall, up to 90 cm in diameter. The bole is usually straight, cylindrical or fluted, branchless for up to 16 m, occasionally with short buttresses.

Natural Habitat

Parartocarpus species occur scattered in lowland to submontane, or rarely montane, primary, evergreen forests, up to 1,800 m of altitude. Parartocarpus venenosus is typical of peat swamp, freshwater and tidal forests.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits coarse throughout the Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Occasionally larger rays more than 4 seriate. Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/ Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

It has no taste or odor.

Color

The sapwood is not clearly differentiated, almost white. The heartwood is yellowish white to grey white.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

7

Grain

It is fairly straight, occasionally wavy or irregularly twisted.

Texture

The wood is reported to have a coarse texture.

Luster

The wood is described as moderate in luster.

Natural Durability

It is non durable, rapid infestation by insects and fungi is reported.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Silica Content

Silica Value: 0

Resistance To Impregnation

It is a permeable wood, with high preservatives retention.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.46

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.50

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

9.4

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

4.2

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: It is difficult to season. Drying Defects: Prone to warping, checking and collapse. Kiln Schedules: Schedule recommended for Brush Box. Air seasoning before kiln drying is advised.

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.2

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

688

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

105728

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

372

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

31

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

84

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

335

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

428

Workability

Sawing

The response of this wood in sawing is easy, but slightly difficult if interlocked grain is present.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Sliced Veneer

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Machining

Machining operations are reportedly easy but it may pick up grain.

Planing

It can be planed to a moderately smooth and lustrous surface.

Turning

30

Finishing

Even if filled it gives rough surfaces.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, frames, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, pallets, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, particleboard

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Shutter Boards
  • 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Sports
  • 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Pallets
  • 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Other & Musical Instruments
  • 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Particleboard
  • 80 - Estudio Integral de la Madera para Construcción

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