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PAU AMARELO (Euxylophora paraensis)

Trade Name

Pau Amarelo

Scientific Name

Euxylophora paraensis Huber

Family

RUTACEAE

Common Names

Satinwood; Satean wood; Pequia cetim; Pau-cetim; Pau amarello; Pao setim; Pao amarello; Muirataua; Muira-taua; Limao-rana; Cetim; Canary wood; Brazilian satinwood; Boxwood; Bois bresil; Amarelo-cetim; Amarello; Pequia Setim (Brazil); Pau Setim (Brazil); Limão Rana (Brazil); Pau Amarelo (Brazil); Brazilian Satin Wood; Vinhatico De Macacaco (Brazil); Vinhatico De Espino (Brazil); Pau Pará Amarelo (Brazil); Amarelo Vinhatico (Brazil); Amarelo (Brazil); Brazilian Boxwood; Sateen Wood

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a dominant tree, it attains heights of about 40 m and diameters of 100 cm. Bigger sizes are also reported.

Natural Habitat

The natural growth range of this species is reported to be restricted to the non-inundated terra firme forests of the lower Amazon basin in Brazil.Vulnerable(IBAMA,2001)

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. I Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Occasionally apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Rays less than 4 per mm (rare). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Oil and/or mucilage cells associated with the axial and/or ray parenchyma (idioblasts). Occasionally septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

Odor and taste are reported to be indistinct.

Color

The sapwood and heartwood are not clearly differentiated. The wood is lemon yellow becoming yellowish pale brown color.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

6

Grain

The grain can be straight or interlocked.

Texture

The texture is typically medium to fine.

Luster

The material is reported to be moderately lustrous.

Natural Durability

E. paraensis has very good resistance to fungi and termites, and good resistance to dry-wood insects.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

3

Resistance To Impregnation

It is reported to be untreatable either with oil or water based preservatives.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.69

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.78

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.8

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.6

Drying Defects

Drying Defects: Severe checking and moderate warping are reported.

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.2

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1172

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

145746

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

715

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

122

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

147

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

836

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

1050

Workability

Sawing

Cutting resistance is generally low.

Blunting Effect

The wood exerts a slight blunting effect on cutters.

Planing

The material is reported to be fairly easy to plane, unless interlocked grain is present.

Turning

30

Nailing

The wood is easy to nail, but pre-boring is necessary.

Gluing

Gluing properties are rated as satisfactory.

Polishing

Polishing of this wood is easy.

Response To Hand Tools

Interlocked grain, if present, can present some difficulties.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, rails, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, BENDING, chairs, tennis rackets, SPORTS, table tennis, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, heavy packing, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, violin, handicrafts, yoke, door core

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
  • 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Rails
  • 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossheads Crossarms
  • 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
  • 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
  • 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Cabinet
  • 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
  • 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
  • 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
  • 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
  • 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Lasts
  • 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Bending
  • 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Chairs
  • 36 - Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Panama
Tennis Rackets
  • 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Sports
  • 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
  • 41 - Embassy of the Philippines
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Heavy Packing
  • 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Decking
  • 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Other & Musical Instruments
  • 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Violin
  • 64 - Maderas latinoamericanas. V. Carapa sp., Virola koschnyi, Terminalia lucida y Brosimum costaricanum.
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Yokes
  • 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America
Door Cores
  • 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.

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