PENARAHAN (Gymnacranthera farquhariana)
Trade Name
Penarahan
Scientific Name
Gymnacranthera farquhariana (Wallich ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb.
Family
MYRISTICACEAE
Common Names
Kayu banitang rodang (Indonesia); Kumpang (Malaysia); Dahaan (Philippines); Magolumog (Philippines); Sengayen (Sarawak); Panarahan (Malaysia); Lahu (Indonesia); Mandarahan (Indonesia); Anuping (Philippines)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized, sometimes large tree, up to 30 m tall.
Natural Habitat
Gymnacranthera farquhariana occurs in primary and secondary forests, in peat swamps, along rivers or in well drained forests on hills and ridges, up to 1,300 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to i Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is pale brown to brown with an orange-red tinge and is clearly to indistinctly demarcated from the sapwood which is pale brown with a yellow-pink tinge.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is mostly straight
Texture
The texture is fine to moderately coarse.
Luster
The wood is more or less lustrous.
Natural Durability
The wood is non-durable when exposed to the weather.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood readily absorbs preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.53
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.58
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.9
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.7
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Dries slowly but well. Boards 15 mm thick take about 3.5 months to air dry. Drying Defects: Little tendency to distortion or checking. Bowing and twisting are also reported.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.8
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
937
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
122790
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
425
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
117
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
420
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
476
Workability
Sawing
The behavior in sawing is easy, similar to the Myristica group.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
Planing
Planing operations are rather easy (Myristica group).
Boring
It is easy to bore (Myristica group).
Nailing
Nailing properties are good (Myristica group).
Gluing
Gluing behavior is reportedly good (Myristica group).
Finishing
This species is reported to be easy to finish (Myristica group).
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Please Provide Information To View Producer Information