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PENARAHAN (Knema laurina)
Trade Name
Penarahan
Scientific Name
Knema laurina Warb.
Family
MYRISTICACEAE
Common Names
Hna chang (Thailand); penerahan sanak (Malaysia); Penarahan hitam (Malaysia); Chendarahna hitam (Malaysia); Pianggu pipit (Indonesia); Kajeng rah (Indonesia); Huru tangkalak (Indonesia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Knema cantleyi (Hook. f.) Warb. p. p.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a small to medium sized, rarely large, tree up to 40 m tall. The bole is straight, cylindrical, branchless for up to 15 m, with a diameter of 60 cm. Sometimes small buttresses or stilt roots are reported.
Natural Habitat
Knema laurina is found scattered in lowland to montane rain forest, up to 1,700 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits s Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells (chambered cells). Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood is not clearly differentiated from the heartwood. The wood is pale brown to red brown, sometimes dark purplish brown to dark red.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
This species is reported to have straight grain.
Texture
The texture is moderately fine to slightly coarse.
Natural Durability
It is readily attacked by fungi and insects if exposed.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is moderately resistant to preservative treatment, but the sapwood can be easily treated.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.62
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.69
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.9
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.6
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be good with little degrade.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-H; US-T10-D4S
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.5
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
443
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
454
Workability
Sawing
Sawmilling of this species is reportedly easy.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Lamination of this species is possible.
Sliced Veneer
Lamination of this species is possible.
Planing
Planing operations are rather easy.
Moulding
Molding operations give satisfactory results.
Finishing
Wood of this species is easy to finish.
Polishing
This species is reported to be easy to polish.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, shutter boards, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, PACKING, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, matches, paper
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Shutter Boards
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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