PUNAH (Tetramerista glabra)
Trade Name
Punah
Scientific Name
Tetramerista glabra Miq.
Family
THEACEAE
Common Names
Punah (Indonesia); Amat (Myanmar); Kayu hujan (Sarawak); Tuyot (Sabah); Punal (Indonesia); Punah (Malaysia); Ponga (Malaysia); Peda (Malaysia); Amat (Sarawak); Punah (United Kingdom); Bangkalis (Indonesia); Entuyut (Sarawak); Bang kalis (Indonesia)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 40 m tall, and up to 100 cm in diameter. The bole is straight and branchless up to 15 m, without distinct buttresses but ridged and fluted at the base.
Natural Habitat
Tetramerista glabra can be found in coastal swamp forest and occasionally in kerangas. It prefers strongly acidic soils.
Natural Distribution
It is distributed in Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more common. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits simila Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Sheath cells. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Radial Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has an unpleasant smell, when freshly cut, caused by pentosan contents.
Color
The sapwood is yellowish brown, not clearly defined when green. The heartwood ranges from straw-colored to yellowish brown, varying partly to pink and to light brown.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
It is mostly straight, occasionally slightly spiral-grown.
Texture
The texture varies from fine to medium.
Natural Durability
It is moderately durable, the sapwood is prone to Lyctus and blue stain attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood is permeable, the heartwood is moderately resistant or resistant to impregnation.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.69
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.77
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
10.7
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.1
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of checks. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-C; US-T3-C2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.8
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
849
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
150901
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
476
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
60
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
99
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
448
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this species is easy, but the saw teeth may become clogged with resin.
Blunting Effect
Gumming up of the saw-blade may cause a moderate blunting effect.
Machining
Wood processing is reported to be easy.
Boring
Boring is reported to be easy.
Nailing
Nailing causes splitting, pre-bore is needed.
Gluing
This species is easy to glue.
Finishing
Considerable sanding, filling and cleaning of resin are necessary.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
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