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PYINKADO (Xylia xylocarpa)

Trade Name

Pyinkado

Scientific Name

Xylia xylocarpa Taub.

Family

LEGUMINOSAE

Common Names

Yerul; Trumalla; Trul; Tiriwa; The ironwood of Burma; Tangudu; Tangedi; Tangani; Suria; Suaba; Shilve; Pyin; Pran; Praing; Pkhay; Pegu ironwood; Pangali; Panga; Orjori; Mai-sak; Mai-sa-lan; Kongora; Konda tangedu; Kadamaram; Kada; Jambu; Jambe; Jamba; Irummala; Eruvalu; Cam xe; Bojeh; Boja; Sokram (Cambodia); Cam-xe (Vietnam); Irul (India); Daeng (Thailand); Pyinkado (Myanmar); Burma ironwood (Myanmar); Deng (Laos)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Xylia dolabriformis Benth.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

Medium sized deciduous tree, up to 30 to 37 m in height and 75 cm in girth. The bole is branchless for up to 25 m, occasionally fluted, usually straight and cylindrical. The buttresses are small or absent.

Natural Habitat

Xylia xylocarpa is reported in dry evergreen forests, mixed deciduous forests and dry deciduous dipterocarp forests, up to 850 m of altitude.

Natural Distribution

It is distributed in Myanmar and India and extending eastward into Cambodia and Thailand.

Plantations Available?

This species is planted within its natural area of distribution.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Occasionally wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to int Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma st 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Septate fibers present. Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

It has no characteristic odor or taste.

Color

The sapwood varies from pale yellowish brown to reddish white. The heartwood is reddish brown.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

2

Grain

This timber has usually wavy or interlocked grain.

Texture

Texture of this species is reported to vary from fine to medium.

Natural Durability

It is very durable and very resistant to fungi and insect attack, also against marine borers.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

1

Resistance To Impregnation

The sapwood is reported to be easy to preserve but the heartwood is untreatable.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.97

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

1.14

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.7

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.3

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-C; US-T3-C2

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.0

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1446

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

169645

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

811

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

158

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

999

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

1017

Workability

Sawing

The wood is difficult to saw, but it is easier when green.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

It is not suitable for plywood manufacture.

Sliced Veneer

It is not suitable for plywood manufacture.

Blunting Effect

It is considered to have a severe blunting effect on the cutting elements.

Machining

The use of tungsten carbide-tipped cutters and a reduced angle of 20 degrees are recommended.

Planing

Planing is reported to be difficult.

Turning

30

Nailing

It needs pre-boring.

Gluing

Resin can impede gluing.

Finishing

Finishing is good unless high resin contents are present.

Substitute Species

It could substitute South American Green-Heart, African Azobe and Tali.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, flooring, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, TURNING, BENDING, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, chemical storage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
  • 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
  • 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
  • 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Bending
  • 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Containers
  • 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Chemical Storage
  • 52 - Propiedades mecanicas y asociadas del pino insigne (Pinus radiata d.don)
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Port Pillar
  • 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino

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