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QUARUBA (Vochysia maxima)
Trade Name
Quaruba
Scientific Name
Vochysia maxima Ducke
Family
VOCHYSIACEAE
Common Names
Itaballi koeleroe (French Guiana); Wossie (French Guiana); Moutende (French Guiana); Chimbulla (Ecuador); Iteballi (Guyana); Dima vermelha (Brazil); Mayo; Tintin (Venezuela); Bois Cruzeau (French Guiana); Quaruba (Brazil); Coariuba; Wanakwari (Surinam); Watrakwari (Surinam); Wiswiskwari (Surinam); Saladillo (Venezuela); Yemery; San Juan; Kougli; Corosillo; Barbara Chele; Cambara (Bolivia); Plumero (Bolivia); Soroga (Colombia); Gomo (Colombia); Dormilón (Colombia); Bella María (Ecuador); Laguno (Ecuador); Quillo (Peru); Quillosisa (Peru); Goma Amarilla (Peru); Quarubatinga (Brazil); Chimbuya (Ecuador); Quaruba Branca (Brazil); Quaruba Vermelha (Brazil); Quaruba Jasmirana (Brazil); Palo De Chancho; Pau De Vinho (Brazil); Pau De Vinho Preto (Brazil); Moti Kwarie; Grignon Rouge (French Guiana); Urucuca; Eta Balli; Emeri; San Pedrano; Wane Kwarie; Copaiye; San Juan De Pozo; Vinheiro Do Mato (Brazil); Chambo Caspi; Achiwa (French Guiana); Cedrorana (Brazil); Guaruba (Brazil); Koupi; Kouali; Kwarie (Surinam); Iteballi (Guyana); Red Quaruba; Grignon Fou (French Guiana); Grignon Gris (French Guiana); Yemeri; Quaruba-Verdadeira (Brazil); Quaruba-Cedro (Brazil); Quaruba (Brazil); Guaruba-Cedro (Brazil); Guariúba-Amarela (Brazil)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a very large tree with total heights from 25 to 35 m, even up to 60 m. The commercial lengths are reported to be up to 23 m or more, with diameters from 45 to 75 cm. The logs are reported to be straight and cylindrical.
Natural Habitat
Vochysia maxima is a dominant tree, found scattered in well drained areas in the terra firme forests of northern South America.
Natural Distribution
It is reported in the southern lower Amazon region in Brazil.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). White deposits in heartwood vessels. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma in thick bands. Larger rays more than 4 seriate.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
The wood has no specific odor or taste.
Color
The heartwood and sapwood are slightly distinct. The heartwood is pink and the sapwood is pinkish-gray color.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is mostly interlocked.
Texture
Texture is reported to be medium to coarse.
Luster
This species is low in luster.
Natural Durability
The genus Vochysia is reported to be prone to biological attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
6
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood of this species is reported to be easy to preserve.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.49
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.53
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.8
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.0
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: It is moderately difficult to air dry. Drying Defects: Checking and warping are reported. Kiln Schedules: Slow and careful drying are recommended.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-A; BR-B; US-T2-D4
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.2
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
930
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
114000
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
485
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
58
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
102
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
481
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
560
Workability
Machining
It is easy to machine.
Planing
V. maxima is easy to plane, but it has bad finishing because of torn grain and fuzzy surfaces.
Turning
30
Boring
Boring is easy, with good finishing.
Sanding
Sanding operations are easy, but it gives fuzzy surfaces.
Response To Hand Tools
It is reported to be easy to cut with hand tools.
Substitute Species
The characteristics of V. maxima are reported to be similar to those of Andoung (Monopetalanthus spp.), an African timber.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, frames, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, TURNING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
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