SAMAK (Adinandra dumosa)
Trade Name
Samak
Scientific Name
Adinandra dumosa Jack
Family
THEACEAE
Common Names
Tiup-tiup (Malaysia); Ranu (Indonesia); Tetiup (Malaysia); Tiup-tiup (Indonesia); Semapak (Sarawak); Samak; Tiup-tiup (Singapore); Bawing (Sabah); Pelempang (Indonesia); Orimono redwood (United States of America)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Adinandra trichocoryna Korth.; Adinandra jackiana Korth.; Adinandra cyrtopoda Miq.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a small to medium sized tree, up to 30 m in height. The bole is straight, up to 20 m long and 80 cm in diameter.
Natural Habitat
It is found scattered in lowland and lower montane forests, up to 1,400 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Occasionally tyloses common. Occasionally vessels per mm2 more than 20. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Occasionally rays less than 4 per mm (rare). Ray height more than 1 mm. Occasionally larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square margina Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Radial Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is typically gray-brown with a purple hue, to dark red-brown, not clearly differentiated from the cream to reddish-straw or yellow-pink sapwood.
Grain
The grain is usually straight or interlocked.
Texture
The texture varies from very fine to slightly coarse.
Natural Durability
The wood is durable under cover.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Resistance To Impregnation
It is an impermeable wood, with very low absorption of preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.5191804863
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.57
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.2
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.9
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: It takes about 4 months to air dry boards 15 mm thick. Drying Defects: Wood from this species is difficult to kiln dry as it is prone to deform. Kiln Schedules: For kiln drying, a temperature of 40.5 to 65.5 degrees is recommended with corresponding relative humidity of 85% to 40%. A mild kiln schedule is recommended, drying the wood in about 7 days from green to 1% moisture content.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.1
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
887
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
125846
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
443
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
46
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
107
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
372
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
372
Workability
Machining
Machining operations are rated as easy to fair.
Planing
Planing operations are fair.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
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