SESENDONK (Endospermum medullosum)
Trade Name
Sesendonk
Scientific Name
Endospermum medullosum L.S. Smith
Family
EUPHORBIACEAE
Common Names
Jurasan (Indonesia); Jumkejuk (Indonesia); Siamena (Indonesia); New Guinea basswood (Papua New Guinea); Sendonk-sendok (Indonesia); Terbulan (Sarawak); Sendonk-sendok (Malaysia); Gubas (Philippines); Bakota (India); Endospermum-sasa (Solomon Islands); Hongopo (Solomon Islands)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to large tree of up to 35 m tall, bole up to 60 cm in diameter.
Natural Habitat
It is common in primary or sometimes in secondary forests, in riverside lowland forests and dry inland formations up to 900 m of altitude.
Natural Distribution
It is widespread, scattered throughout Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands, Bismarck Archipelago and New Guinea.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits large, 10 micras or more. Axial parenchyma reticulate. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or squa Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Radial Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
Freshly-sawn timber has slight odor.
Color
The sapwood and heartwood are not distinct, it is straw-yellow with light greenish tinge when fresh, dries to pale orange yellow to light brown.
Grain
It is rarely straight, usually interlocked.
Texture
It is medium texture, sometimes with numerous pores.
Luster
Luster is reported to be low.
Natural Durability
It is prone to blue stain and insect attack if unprotected in green condition.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Internal Growth Stresses
Growth stresses are reported in this species.
Resistance To Impregnation
It is easy to treat with preservatives.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.45
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.49
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.3
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.7
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Seasoning is reported to be very rapid. Boards of 13 mm and 38 mm thick take respectively 1.5 months and 2 months to air dry. Drying Defects: Moderate risk of cupping, insect attack and stain, and a slight risk of splitting are reported.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-J; US-T10-D5S; JP-25
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.4
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
576
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
94971
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
320
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
56
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
82
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
239
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
271
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this species is reported to be rather easy.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This timber can be laminated easily but it is not recommended for plywood because of drying problems.
Sliced Veneer
This timber can be laminated easily but it is not recommended for plywood because of drying problems.
Machining
This species is easy to machine.
Planing
Planing operations are rather easy.
Turning
30
Boring
Boring operations are rather easy.
Nailing
This wood is easy to nail.
Gluing
Gluing behavior is reportedly good.
Finishing
It requires filling.
Coatings
It is easy to paint or varnish.
Response To Hand Tools
It is easy to work with hand tools.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, shoes, matches, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Shutter Boards
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Shoes
- 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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