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SIMPOH (Dillenia grandifolia)

Trade Name

Simpoh

Scientific Name

Dillenia grandifolia Wallich ex Hook.f. & Thomson

Family

Dilleniaceae

Common Names

Ampalu (Indonesia); Simpoh jangkong (Malaysia); Simpoh lichin (Sarawak); Simpoh daun merah (Malaysia); Simpur kijang (Indonesia); Mempelu (Indonesia)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Dillenia scortechinii (King) Ridley; Dillenia eximia Miq.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a fairly large deciduous tree up to 40 m tall, with straight bole branchless for up to 30 m and up to 75 cm in diameter having large buttresses up to 3 m high merging into stilt roots.

Natural Habitat

It is common in primary and old secondary forests, up to 300 m of altitude.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Intervessel pits scalariform. Vessel-ray p Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays less than 4 per mm (rare). Rays of two distinct sizes. Ray height more than 1 mm. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The heartwood is red-brown to dark reddish-brown, sometimes with a purplish tinge, and usually not demarcated from the slightly paler sapwood.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

4

Grain

The grain is straight or, more usually, interlocked.

Texture

The texture is moderately coarse and even.

Natural Durability

The wood is susceptible to dry-wood termites, blue stain and decay fungi.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

6

Silica Content

Silica Content: It contains 0.1% silica. Silica Value: 0.1

Resistance To Impregnation

It can be readily impregnated with preservative substances.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.71

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.80

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

7.0

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

4.0

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: The timber seasons fairly slowly. Drying Defects: It is particularly prone to splitting and fungal staining during seasoning. Some warping and splitting may occur during kiln drying. Kiln Schedules: Kiln drying is fairly easy as long as slow schedules are used.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-C; US-T3-C2

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.8

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

774

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

145717

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

397

Workability

Sawing

Sawdust can block the blades.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

It possible to produce decorative sliced veneer. Tests with this species in Indonesia showed that the peeled veneers of 1.5-mm thickness (without pretreatment at a 91 degrees peeling angle) become wavy after drying.

Sliced Veneer

It possible to produce decorative sliced veneer. Tests with this species in Indonesia showed that the peeled veneers of 1.5-mm thickness (without pretreatment at a 91 degrees peeling angle) become wavy after drying.

Machining

Wood processing is reported to be easy.

Planing

Planing of this species is reported to be easy.

Boring

Boring operations are rated as easy to fair.

Nailing

It needs pre-bore for nails, but it screws well. The nail holding properties are poor.

Gluing

Gluing of this species is easy.

Finishing

Finishing is somewhat rough otherwise good. Filling is necessary.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, PACKING, pallets, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, moldings

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
  • 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
  • 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Pallets
  • 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Molding
  • 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão

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