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SURIAN (Toona sinensis)

Trade Name

Surian

Scientific Name

Toona sinensis (Juss.) Roem.

Family

MELIACEAE

Common Names

Suren (Indonesia); Ingul (Indonesia); Rangau (Sabah); Surian wangi (Malaysia); Surian bawang (Malaysia)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Toona sinensis var. sinensis; Cedrela sinensis Juss.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 40 m tall, with bole branchless for up to 20 m and up to 100 cm in diameter.

Natural Habitat

Toona sinensis is reported from 350 to 2,500 m of altitude, often in primary montane forests, near streams, but also in secondary forests.

Plantations Available?

It is planted as a shadow and wayside tree in India and Sri Lanka.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pi Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Radial Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

The wood often has an aromatic cedar-like odor.

Color

The heartwood is pale red to reddish-brown, darkening to dark red-brown on exposure, clearly demarcated from the gray-white, pink or pale red sapwood.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

4

Grain

The grain is straight to interlocked, sometimes wavy.

Texture

This wood has a somewhat coarse texture.

Natural Durability

In Malaysia, the wood is rated as non-durable. Other reports indicate that the heartwood is moderately durable but susceptible to dry-wood termite and borer attack.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

4

Silica Content

Silica Content: The wood has a high silica content which affects wood processing. Silica Value: 0.501

Resistance To Impregnation

The heartwood is resistant to impregnation with preservatives, even under pressure. The sapwood is permeable to preservatives.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.52

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.57

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.6

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.7

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-J

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.8

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

920

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

105017

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

407

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

71

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

399

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

470

Workability

Sawing

Cutting resistance is generally low.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Lamination of this species is possible.

Sliced Veneer

Lamination of this species is possible.

Machining

This species is easy to machine. Sometimes woolly surfaces are reported.

Planing

Planing of this species is reported to be easy.

Moulding

It gives good results in molding.

Boring

Boring operations are fair to difficult.

Mortising

Mortising of this species is fair.

Nailing

It is easy to nail.

Gluing

Gluing of this species is easy.

Sanding

Sanding properties are rated as fair.

Finishing

Filling is necessary.

Polishing

It is easy to polish.

Substitute Species

It can substitute Spanish Cedar (Cedrela spp.).

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, BENDING, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, cigar boxes

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
  • 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
  • 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Decorative veneer
  • 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Bending
  • 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Sports
  • 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Other & Musical Instruments
  • 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Cigar Box
  • 68 - Contribucion al conocimiento de la resistencia mecanica de la madera de peumo

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