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SWAMP SEPETIR (Copaifera palustris)
Trade Name
Swamp sepetir
Scientific Name
Copaifera palustris de Wit
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Swamp sepitir; Sepetir paya (Brunei Darussalam); Sepetir paya (Sarawak)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium-sized to sometimes fairly large tree, up to 30 m tall, with straight and cylindrical bole up to 60 cm in diameter. The buttresses are absent.
Natural Habitat
This species grows scattered in coastal freshwater peat swamp forests. Sometimes it is reported also on drier places at the sea level.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform. Prismatic crystals in chamb 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Ray height more than 1 mm. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has a characteristic spicy, persistent odor.
Color
The sapwood is clearly demarcated, pale gray-brown in color. The heartwood has generally various shades of brown, darkening to a rich reddish brown when dry.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is straight or shallowly interlocked.
Texture
The texture of the wood is medium.
Luster
No luster.
Natural Durability
This timber is not very durable in the tropics. The sapwood is very susceptible to termite attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
6
Silica Content
Silica Content: Non-siliceous. Silica Value: 0
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood absorbs preservatives readily. The heartwood is resistant to impregnation.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.59
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.65
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.3
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.0
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be easy.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-G
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.7
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1182
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
138037
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
584
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
151
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
572
Workability
Sawing
Because of its resin content, sawing of this species is reported to be rather difficult.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
The veneer can be dried flat and split-free.
Sliced Veneer
The veneer can be dried flat and split-free.
Blunting Effect
Dulling of cutting tools is moderate.
Machining
Machining of this species is reported to be fair because of the high resin content.
Planing
Planing of this species is reported to be easy.
Boring
Boring operations are rather easy.
Nailing
Sometimes there is a tendency to split unless pre-bored.
Finishing
Filling is required.
Polishing
Polishing of this species is reportedly easy.
Steam Bending
It is liable to buckling during bending; bending can be improved by using a supporting strap.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, shingle, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Shingles
- 77 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume I; Tapajós National Forest
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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