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TANIMBUCA (Terminalia amazonia)
Trade Name
Tanimbuca
Scientific Name
Terminalia amazonia (J.F. Gmel.) Exell
Family
COMBRETACEAE
Common Names
Guayo; Broadleaf; Poirier; Olivier mangue; Jucarillo; Chicharron amarillo; Chicharrón amarillo; Chicharrón; Chicharron; Canxun; Canshán (Mexico); Rifari (Peru); Pata de danta (Venezuela); Guayabo de monte; Guayabo de montaña; Guayabón (Venezuela); Tanibuca (Brazil); White olive; Volador; Roble macuelizo; Pookadi; Pau mulato brancho (Brazil); Naranjo; Nangossiti (French Guiana); Merendiba branca; Leche amarillo; Guyabillo; Guayabon (Venezuela); Guayabo negro; Guayabo leon (Colombia); Guacharaco; Guaba; Ginja hoehoe; Chicharro; Bullywood; Bolador; Araca; Angouchi (French Guiana); Anangossiti (French Guiana); Amarillon; Amarillo de panama; Amarillo (Bolivia); Guaragui (Paraguay); Nogal Amarillo (Peru); Roble Amarillo (Peru); Nashipe (Ecuador); Yumbingue (Ecuador); Roble (Ecuador); Palo Prieto (Colombia); Roble (Colombia); Amarilla (Bolivia); Verdolago (Bolivia); Guarawi (Paraguay); Guarajuba (Brazil); Pardillo Amarillo (Venezuela); Chuncho (Peru); Cuiarana (Brazil); Tanimbuca (Brazil); Nacastillo; Aromilla; Guayabo (Colombia); White Oliver; Cochun; Fukadi (Guyana); Pau-Mulato Branco (Brazil); Pardillo Negro (Venezuela); Guayabo León (Colombia); Amarillo Carabazuelo (Panama); Canshan (Mexico); Almendro (Honduras); Roble De Esmeraldas (Colombia); Pata De Danto (Venezuela); Palo Amarillo; White Olivier; Coffee Mortar; Nargusta
Scientific Name Synonyms
Terminalia odontoptera Van Heurck & Müll. Arg.; Terminalia obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud.; Terminalia hayesii Pittier; Terminalia excelsa Liebm. ex Hemsl.; Myrobalanus obovatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Gimbernatea obovata Ruiz & Pav.; Gimbernatea obovata Ruiz & Pav.; Chuncoa obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; Chuncoa amazonica J.F. Gmel.; Chuncoa amazonia J.F. Gmel.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a dominant tree, it can reach a height of 30 to 45 m, with a diameter of up to 150 cm, but more commonly about 40 to 100 cm. The bole is free of branches to about 25 m or more. It develops large buttresses up to 3 m tall.
Natural Habitat
Terminalia amazonia is found in primary tropical rain forests. In the Amazon basin it is reported on terra firme forests, on well drained soils.
Natural Distribution
This species is reported to extend from southern Mexico into northern South America to Bolivia and Peru.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Occasionally white deposits in heartwood vessels. Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Simple perf Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma aliform. Occasionally axial parenchyma confluent. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenc Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has no distinct odor or taste.
Color
The color of the heartwood ranges from brownish yellow to olive yellow color, often with dark streaks, not clearly demarcated from the sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
The grain is straight, wavy or interlocked.
Texture
The wood is medium textured.
Luster
It presents medium to high luster
Natural Durability
It is resistant to decay and dry-wood termites, but susceptible to attack by subterranean termites.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
4
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood has a poor response to preservative treatments. The response of the sapwood is variable.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.78
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.89
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.8
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.9
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air drying is reported to be fast, kiln drying is easy. Drying Defects: Risk of twisting and cupping is reported.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-C; US-T3-C2; JUNAC-A
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.5
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1630
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
174000
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
808
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
143
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
132
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
984
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
1140
Workability
Sawing
The timber is reported to be fairly difficult to saw.
Blunting Effect
Blunting effect on tools is reported to be very severe.
Planing
Straight-grained material is reported to be easy to plane, but material with interlocked grain may tear in planing. Reduced cutting angles are recommended for better results.
Turning
30
Nailing
Nailing requires pre-boring.
Gluing
The wood glues well.
Sanding
Sanding characteristics are rated as good.
Polishing
The wood can be polished to a smooth finish.
Response To Hand Tools
This species responds poorly to hand tools.
Substitute Species
It is suggested as a possible substitute for Oak (Quercus sp.).
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, steps, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, TOOLS, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossheads Crossarms
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
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