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TAPMIS (Ternstroemia gymnanthera)
Trade Name
Tapmis
Scientific Name
Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight & Arn.) Sprague
Family
THEACEAE
Common Names
Chef hooi (Vietnam); Wakhi nok (Thailand); Sasaphi dong (Thailand); Kai daeng (Thailand); Taung-kan (Myanmar); Apin-bundok (Philippines)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Ternstroemia pseudomicrophylla H.T. Chang; Ternstroemia parvifolia Hu; Ternstroemia japonica var. wightii Dyer; Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wight & Arn.) Bedd.; Hoferia japonica Franch.; Cleyera gymnanthera Wight & Arn.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium sized tree, up to 30 m tall, with diameters up to 100 cm. The bole is straight and cylindrical, 5 to 20 m long.
Natural Habitat
Ternstroemia gymnanthera occurs in mixed broad-leaved forests, up to 1,800 m of altitude.
Natural Distribution
In Taiwan, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, China and Japan.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Multiple perforatio Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma confluent unilateral paratracheal. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Ray height more than 1 mm. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Occasionally sheath cells. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits. Non-septate fibers.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
No significant odor can be detected.
Color
The wood is red-brown, occasionally purple-red color, not differentiated from the paler sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is straight.
Texture
Fine texture is reported in this species.
Luster
Timber of this species is moderate in luster.
Natural Durability
It is reported that the wood has moderate resistance.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.68
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.77
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
10.0
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.3
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is fairly easy; some difficulties could occur when drying too fast. Drying Defects: No particular risks of drying defects, subject to normal drying conditions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.9
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1151
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
134500
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
501
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
605
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
891
Workability
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
Machining
Machining operations are rather easy.
Turning
30
Nailing
Nailing behavior is reportedly good to fair.
Finishing
This species has a slightly lustrous finish.
Polishing
It has a good polishing.
Steam Bending
Steam bending properties are rated as poor.
Response To Hand Tools
This species is reported to be easy to work with hand tools.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, scale model
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Scale Models
- 83 - Algunas caracteristicas fisicomecanicas de la madera de tres especies de la cordillera NeoVolcanica
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