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TERMINALIA (Terminalia alata)

Trade Name

Terminalia

Scientific Name

Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth

Family

COMBRETACEAE

Common Names

c[af] lich (Vietnam); B[aw]ng (Vietnam); Hok fa (Thailand); Rok fa (Thailand); Suak dam (Laos); Suak `mon (Laos); Chhlik snaeng (Cambodia); Chhlik bay (Cambodia); Taukyan (Myanmar); Indian laurel (United Kingdom); Tank kyan (Myanmar)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Terminalia tomentosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.; Terminalia macrocarpa Steud.; Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a medium sized to fairly large tree up to 35 meters tall, with diameters up to 200 cm.

Natural Habitat

Terminalia alata is reported in mixed deciduous forests, sometimes in dry dipterocarp forests, often on alluvial soils, up to 1,000 m of altitude.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Septate fibers present.

  • Wood Macro Photo Radial Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The pale sapwood is clearly demarcated. The heartwood is light brownish or walnut like grey brown to chocolate brown, with dark streaks.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

3

Grain

The grain is straight, sometimes interlocked.

Texture

The texture is medium to coarse.

Natural Durability

The wood is considered as non durable.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Resistance To Impregnation

The heartwood is resistant to preservative treatment.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.78

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.90

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

7.1

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

4.8

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

JP-12

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.5

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1037

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

129695

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

571

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

930

Workability

Rotary Veneer Cutting

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Sliced Veneer

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Machining

The response of this species to machining operations is good to fair.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods

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