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TERMINALIA (Terminalia bellirica)

Trade Name

Terminalia

Scientific Name

Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb

Family

COMBRETACEAE

Common Names

Beleric myrobalan (United Kingdom); Myrobalan beleric (France); Bedda nut tree (United Kingdom); Beleric myrobalan (United States of America); Jaha kebo (Indonesia); Bedda nut tree (United States of America); Nam kieng dam (Laos); Samo-phiphek (Thailand); Haen-khao (Thailand); Heen (Laos); Sramar pipheek (Cambodia); Thitsein (Myanmar); Simar kulihap (Malaysia); Jelawai (Malaysia); Elu belu (Indonesia); Haen-ton (Thailand)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a large tree up to 50 m tall. The bole is branchless for 20 m. It is reported to reach 300 cm in diameter, with large buttresses.

Natural Habitat

This species is found in monsoon forests, mixed deciduous forests or dry deciduous dipterocarp forests, up to 600 m of altitude.

Plantations Available?

Some plantations are reported in Java.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The heartwood is whitish in color.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

5

Grain

This timber usually has straight or interlocked grain.

Texture

The texture can be fine, medium or coarse.

Natural Durability

The wood is rated as non-durable in contact with the ground or when exposed. It is easily attacked by termites, pinhole borers, marine borers and blue stain, and the sapwood is also susceptible to Lyctus borer attack.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Resistance To Impregnation

The sapwood is generally easily treated with preservatives, but sometimes it is moderately resistant, whereas heartwood is moderately resistant to very resistant and penetration may be erratic.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.78

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.88

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

9.7

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.4

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

JP-12

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.5

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1141

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

153665

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

622

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

649

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

608

Workability

Rotary Veneer Cutting

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Sliced Veneer

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Machining

Wood processing is reported to be easy.

Nailing

Pre-boring is often necessary.

Gluing

Gluing of this species is easy.

Sanding

It is easy to sand.

Finishing

Wood of this species is easy to finish.

Polishing

It is easy to polish.

Response To Hand Tools

This species is reported to be easy to work with hand tools.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, coffin, moldings

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Coffin
  • 78 - Amazonian Timbers for the International Market
Molding
  • 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão

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