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Terminalia
Terminalia citrina (Gaertner) Roxb. Ex Fleming
COMBRETACEAE
Apunga (Philippines); Samo-liam (Thailand); Samo-muak (Thailand); Blabah (Indonesia); Bungras (Philippines); Talisai jambu (Sabah); Antoi puteh (Malaysia); Jelawai belang rimau (Malaysia); Mertaki (Indonesia); Samo-dingu (Thailand); Tengeh caah (Indonesia); Binggas (Philippines)
Terminalia curtisii Ridley; Terminalia comintana Merr.; Terminalia arborea Koord. & Velton
It is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 40 m tall. The bole is up to 210 cm in diameter, with buttresses up to 3 m high. This species is a source of tannins.
Terminalia citrina grows scattered in lowland forests and along seashores, up to 200 m of altitude.
It is distributed in India, Myanmar, Indo-China, Malaysia. It is widespread in Sabah.
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Septate fibers present. Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Unrestricted
The heartwood is yellow brown color.
4
The grain is straight or interlocked
The texture of this species is variable. Fine, medium and coarse texture are reported.
The wood is rated as non-durable in contact with the ground or when exposed. It is easily attacked by termites, pinhole borers, marine borers and blue stain, and the sapwood is also susceptible to Lyctus borer attack.
5
The sapwood is generally easily treated with preservatives, but sometimes it is moderately resistant, whereas heartwood is moderately resistant to very resistant and penetration may be erratic.
0.69
0.77
8.5
5.5
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately difficult to difficult; special care is systematically needed. Drying Defects: Risks of casehardening and checks Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
JP-12
1.5
1192
132929
601
143
865
1070
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
Machining of this species is reported to be easy.
Pre-boring is often necessary.
It is reported to be easy to glue.
Sanding of this species is reportedly easy.
It has a good finishing.
It is easy to polish.
This species is reported to be easy to work with hand tools.
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION
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