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TERMINALIA (Terminalia complanata)
Trade Name
Terminalia
Scientific Name
Terminalia complanata
Family
COMBRETACEAE
Common Names
Malaka-lumpit (Philippines); Kwisik (Papua New Guinea); Paka (Solomon Islands); Ketapang (Indonesia); Gaba (Papua New Guinea); Paga (Malaysia); Terminalia (Solomon Islands)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a large tree up to 50 m tall. The bole is straight, with simple or branched buttresses up to 3 m high.
Natural Habitat
Terminalia complanata is dominant in river swamp forests, up to 1,500 m of altitude.
Natural Distribution
It ranges from the Moluccas throughout lowland New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands, particularly in Irian Jaya and the Sepik Districts of Papua New Guinea.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Occasionally tyloses common. Vestured pits. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays of two distinct sizes. Ray height more than 1 mm. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood has lighter creamy colors. The heartwood is straw-brown with a yellowish tinge.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
It is sometimes straight, but mostly wavy or spiral.
Texture
The texture of the wood is medium.
Natural Durability
Reported as non durable to moderately durable, it is prone to blue stain and powder post beetle infestation. It does not resist termites or marine borers attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
6
Resistance To Impregnation
The sapwood is permeable, the heartwood shows variable resistance to preservative treatments.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.51
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.55
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
6.8
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.4
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-12
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.0
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
831
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
106664
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
464
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
97
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
325
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
508
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this species is reported to be rather easy.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
Blunting Effect
It has a slight dulling effect on the cutting elements.
Machining
Wood processing is reported to be easy.
Planing
It planes to a nice surface using a reduced cutting angle.
Nailing
Pre-boring is recommended.
Gluing
It is reported to be easy to glue.
Finishing
Finishing of this wood is easy.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, BENDING, chairs, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, moldings, paper
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Shutter Boards
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Bending
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Chairs
- 36 - Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Panama
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Paper
- 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.
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