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URUNDAY (Astronium urundeuva)
Trade Name
Urunday
Scientific Name
Astronium urundeuva (Allemao) Engl.
Family
ANACARDIACEAE
Common Names
Pau-ferro (Brazil); Aderno; Gibatão (Brazil); Guaritá; Urunday Del Noroeste; Urunde`y mi; Cuchi; Arveira (Brazil); Orindeúva (Brazil); Areoeira Petra (Brazil); Arendeúva (Brazil); Arindeúva (Brazil); Aroeira Do Campo (Brazil); Aroeira Da Serra (Brazil); Gonçalo Alves (Brazil); Aroeira Legitima (Brazil); Aroeire; Urundeuva (Brazil); Aroeira Do Sertão (Brazil)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemao; Astronium juglandifolium Griseb.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a medium size tree, it attains heights from 20 to 25 m, with a diameter at breast height between 40 to 90 cm. Occasionally the diameter reaches 100 cm.
Natural Habitat
Astronium urundeuva is a dominant tree occurring widely in the cerrado forests. Large natural stands have become scarce in many places. In the "Chaco" region it is reported to form quite homogeneous stands.
Natural Distribution
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia; Brazil and Paraguay.
Non Timber Uses
The bark is reported to contain up to 17% of tannin, it is used as a black dye.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits coarse in marginal rows. Vessel-ray pits larger than the intervessel pits. Occasionally intervess Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
Distinct and unpleasant
Color
The white yellowish sapwood is clearly differentiated from the pinkish or light brown heartwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
2
Grain
The grain is reported to be straight or interlocked.
Texture
This species is usually reported to have a medium texture.
Luster
Luster is usually moderate.
Natural Durability
The wood is very resistant, even under extreme exposure conditions.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is reported to be very difficult to treat, but the sapwood treats well.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
1.00
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
1.19
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.2
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.8
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be fairly rapid. Drying Defects: Warping is reported. Risk of casehardening when thick stock is processed. Kiln Schedules: Careful drying is recommended.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.9
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1653
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
842
Workability
Sawing
The response of this wood in sawing is fair.
Machining
It is a very hard wood, reinforced cutting tools are recommended.
Planing
Planing of this species is fair.
Turning
30
Boring
Boring operations are fair.
Finishing
This species is reported to be easy to finish.
Substitute Species
This wood was used for cross-ties grouped under the common name of "quebracho colorado" (Schinopsis spp.).
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossarms, crossties, piers, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, TURNING, lasts, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, yoke
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poles
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Paling Fence Pickets
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Stake Posts
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Rails
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crossheads Crossarms
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Piers
- 9 - Maderas latinoamericanas. IV, Nectandra sp. Ocotea austinii, Persea sp. aff. vesticula, Persea schiedeana
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Lasts
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Yokes
- 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America
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