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VERNONIA (Vernonia arborea)
Trade Name
Vernonia
Scientific Name
Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham.
Family
ASTERACEAE
Common Names
Tapong-tapong (Malaysia); Menggambong (Malaysia); Chuang (Thailand); Kaphuam maphrao (Thailand); Sembang kuwuk (Indonesia); Malasambong gubat (Philippines); Tapong-tapong (Sabah); Gambong (Malaysia); Nangi (Indonesia); Nuan paeng (Thailand); Tree vernonia
Scientific Name Synonyms
Vernonia wallichii Ridley; Vernonia vaniotii H. Lév.; Vernonia javanica DC.; Vernonia celenonia DC.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is an evergreen small or medium-sized tree, up to 30 m high and 60 cm in diameter. The bole is straight.
Natural Habitat
Vernonia arborea is common in secondary forests. It is found from lowland to lower montane habitats, up to 2,200 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Occasionally vessels per mm2 less than 6. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally two cells per parenchyma strand. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays less than 4 per mm (rare). Rays of two distinct sizes. Sheath cells. All ray cells upright and/or square. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells pro Occasionally septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is pale brown to pale gray, not clearly differentiated from the sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
7
Grain
The grain is straight or slightly interlocked.
Texture
The wood is mostly coarse in texture.
Natural Durability
The wood is non-durable and very susceptible to dry-wood termites and fungi.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.33
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.35
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
377
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
234
Workability
Machining
It is easy to machine.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, panelling, TOOLS, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, shoes, matches
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Shoes
- 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
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