VIROLA (Dialyanthera gracilipes)
Trade Name
Virola
Scientific Name
Dialyanthera gracilipes A.C. Sm.
Family
MYRISTICACEAE
Common Names
White Cedar (Panama); Sebo (Costa Rica); Otoba (Venezuela); Sangre De Gallina (Ecuador); Coco (Ecuador); Otobo (Colombia); Cuángare (Ecuador); Cuángare (Colombia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Otoba gracilipes (A.C. Sm.) A.H. Gentry
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It attains heights from 30 to 35 m, with a diameter over the buttresses of 60 cm. The bole has a commercial length of 20 m.
Natural Habitat
Dialyanthera gracilipes is a gregarious species ( grouped in "Guandales"-Colombia-), it prefers swampy freshwater tropical forests of the Pacific coast.
Natural Distribution
Various species in this genus are reported to be distributed from Costa Rica and Panama through Venezuela, Colombia and Peru.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium). Simple perforation plates. Multiple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits coarse throughout the Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 2 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Occasionally septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits. Fibers storied.
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Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has a typical odor when freshly cut.
Color
The sapwood is pink, the heartwood is reddish yellow color.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
This species is reported to have straight grain.
Texture
Medium texture is reported in this species.
Luster
The wood is described as moderate in luster.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Silica Content
Silica Content: Cuangare (Dialyanthera spp.) is reported to have 0.06% of silica. Silica Value: 0.06
Resistance To Impregnation
The heartwood is rated as moderately permeable, but the sapwood can be readily treated.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.32
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.34
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.7
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.3
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Air drying is reported to be fast. Drying Defects: Risk of bowing and twisting is reported. Sometimes severe checking in quarter sawn boards. Kiln Schedules: Careful drying is recommended.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
US-T5-C3; JUNAC-A
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.3
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this species is reportedly easy.
Planing
Good results are reported with an angle of 25 degrees.
Moulding
Molding of this species is reported to be easy.
Boring
Boring operations are fair.
Sanding
Wood of this species is easy to sand.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, joists, boards, frames, fittings, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, PACKING, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, moldings, particleboard
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Particleboard
- 80 - Estudio Integral de la Madera para Construcción
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