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VIROLA (Virola sebifera)

Trade Name

Virola

Scientific Name

Virola sebifera Aubl.

Family

MYRISTICACEAE

Common Names

Moulomba (Guyana); Sangre; Cumala Blanca (Peru); Camaticaro (Venezuela); Palo De Sangre; Colorado; Ucuuba (Brazil); Sebo (Colombia); Nuanamo (Colombia); Birma; Shempo (Ecuador); Cumala Colorada (Peru); Cumala (Peru); Pintri (Surinam); Cajuea (Trinidad & Tobago); Otivo (Venezuela); Virola (Venezuela); Cuajo (Venezuela); Sangrino (Venezuela); Chaliviande (Ecuador); Dalli (Guyana); Banak; Bicuiba Branca (Brazil); Tapsava; Virola (Brazil); Ucuhuba (Brazil); Yayamadou (Guyana); Baboen (Surinam); Chalviande (Ecuador); Tzimbo (Ecuador); Gabón (Bolivia); Sangrino (Venezuela); Cuajo (Venezuela); Virola (Venezuela); Cumala (Peru); Banak; Veuhuba; Venhuba; Babun; Sangre De Toro (Colombia); Bagabani; Sangre; Camaticaro; Baboen (Surinam); Dalli (Guyana)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Palala sebifera (Aubl.) Kuntze; Myristica sebifera (Aubl.) Sw.; Myristica cordifolia Mart. ex A. DC.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

V. sebifera is a medium sized tree, attaining heights of up to 30 m and trunk diameters of about 90 cm. It presents buttresses.

Natural Habitat

Virola sebifera is distributed in the lowlands of tropical America up to 1300 m above the sea level. It is reported in secondary forests, growing on dry areas and also close to river mouths in the Atlantic forests.

Natural Distribution

It is common in the states of Para until Sao Paulo in the cerrado forest of Brazil.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Tyloses thin walled. Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Simple perforation plates. Occasionally m Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays commonly 2 seriate. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

It has no characteristic odor or taste.

Color

The sapwood is very pale brown, the heartwood gradually changes into brown with darker stripes.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

4

Grain

Straight grain is reported in this species.

Texture

This species is usually reported to have a medium texture.

Luster

Luster is described as moderate to high.

Natural Durability

It is easily attacked by biological agents.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Resistance To Impregnation

This species is reported to be easy to preserve.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.51

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.56

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

9.2

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

4.9

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: It is reported to have a moderate rate of drying. Drying Defects: Slight tendency to surface checking, twisting and casehardening are reported.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-C; US-T3-C2; JUNAC-B

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.9

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

972

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

132000

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

499

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

46

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

72

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

313

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

441

Workability

Sawing

This species is easy to saw.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Lamination of this species is possible.

Sliced Veneer

Lamination of this species is possible.

Machining

Wood processing is reported to be easy.

Planing

Planing operations are rather easy.

Moulding

Molding is reported to be easy.

Boring

It is easy to bore.

Sanding

Wood of this species is easy to sand.

Finishing

This species is reported to be easy to finish.

Response To Hand Tools

This species is reported to be easy to work.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, boards, panelling, fittings, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, common veneer, PACKING, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, cigar boxes

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
  • 19 - Silica in Timbers
Shutter Boards
  • 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Common Veneer
  • 29 - Embassy of Ecuador in Japan
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Cigar Box
  • 68 - Contribucion al conocimiento de la resistencia mecanica de la madera de peumo

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