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DURIAN (Durio carinatus)

Trade Name

Durian

Scientific Name

Durio carinatus Masters

Family

BOMBACACEAE

Common Names

Durian hantu (Indonesia); Durian paya (Malaysia); Durian paya (Indonesia); Durian burung (Indonesia); Durian (Indonesia); Durian (France); Durian (United Kingdom); Durian (Sabah); Durian (Philippines); Durian (Spain); Durian (Germany); Durian (Netherlands); Durian (Italy); Durian (United States of America)

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a medium-sized to large tree up to 45 m tall, with bole branchless for up to 27 m and up to 120 cm in diameter, usually without buttresses. Large trees often with small buttresses up to 1.5 m high, sometimes with knee roots.

Natural Habitat

This species is reported to grow in marshy locations, especially in peat swamp forests.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Axial parenchyma reticulate. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Tile cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

The wood has a fetid smell when freshly sawn.

Color

The heartwood is pinkish-brown, red to deep red-brown, and usually distinctly demarcated from the whitish to pale yellow-brown or pale reddish-yellow sapwood.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

5

Grain

Straight or interlocked grain is often found in this species.

Texture

The wood is reported to have a coarse texture.

Natural Durability

The wood is reported to be non-durable under tropical conditions.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.57

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.63

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.6

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.5

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be moderately slow. It takes about 4 months to air dry a board of 40 mm thick.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-D

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.9

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

808

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

117328

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

436

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

72

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

200

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

250

Workability

Sawing

Cutting resistance is generally low.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

It can be peeled to make veneer at a peeling angle of 90 degrees without pretreatment.

Sliced Veneer

It can be peeled to make veneer at a peeling angle of 90 degrees without pretreatment.

Machining

Machining operations are rather easy.

Nailing

This species is reported to have a good nailing behavior.

Gluing

It is reported to be easy to glue.

Finishing

Wood of this species is easy to finish.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers

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