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INGYIN, BALAU (Shorea siamensis)
Trade Name
Ingyin, Balau
Scientific Name
Shorea siamensis Miq.
Family
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
Common Names
Temak batu (Malaysia); Reang phnom (Cambodia); Reang (Cambodia); Ca chac xanh (Vietnam); Pan (Thailand); Rang (Thailand); Indaing (Myanmar); Eng yin (Myanmar); Ingyin (Myanmar); Ingyin (India)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Pentacme suavis A.DC.; Pentacme siamensis (Miq.) Kurz; Pentacme malayana King
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is large tree, attaining a height of 24 m and a girth of 150 to 180 cm. The bole is clear up to 18 m.
Natural Habitat
Shorea siamensis occurs in dry dipterocarp forests overlying poor and rocky or limestone soils from the sea level up to 1,000 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tyloses common. Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits medium, 7 to 10 micras. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has no distinct odor or taste.
Color
The heartwood is yellowish brown to grayish brown. The sapwood is pale grayish.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
5
Grain
The grain is mostly interlocked.
Texture
The texture is typically medium to coarse.
Natural Durability
It is very durable. This timber is reported to be resistant against termite attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
2
Resistance To Impregnation
This timber is reported to respond poorly to preservative treatment.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.77
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.87
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.9
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.8
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
JP-1
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.9
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1131
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
160166
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1172
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
745
Workability
Sawing
It is easy to cut it if stellite tipped. It needs frequent saw changing.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Balau is unsuitable for lamination.
Sliced Veneer
Balau is unsuitable for lamination.
Blunting Effect
It exerts a severe blunting effect on the cutting elements.
Machining
It is easy if specially sharp cutters are used, but severe difficulties can appear if interlocked grain is present.
Planing
Planing of air dried timber is fair to difficult.
Boring
When in green condition, it is easy to bore, but boring of air-dried timber is slightly difficult.
Nailing
Pre-boring recommended for nailing.
Gluing
Gluing behavior is reportedly good.
Finishing
It gives good results if it is properly filled.
Staining
Untreated timber becomes gray when weathered.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, crossties, TOOLS, tool handles, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
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