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SESENDONK (Endospermum medullosum)

Trade Name

Sesendonk

Scientific Name

Endospermum medullosum L.S. Smith

Family

EUPHORBIACEAE

Common Names

Jurasan (Indonesia); Jumkejuk (Indonesia); Siamena (Indonesia); New Guinea basswood (Papua New Guinea); Sendonk-sendok (Indonesia); Terbulan (Sarawak); Sendonk-sendok (Malaysia); Gubas (Philippines); Bakota (India); Endospermum-sasa (Solomon Islands); Hongopo (Solomon Islands)

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a medium-sized to large tree of up to 35 m tall, bole up to 60 cm in diameter.

Natural Habitat

It is common in primary or sometimes in secondary forests, in riverside lowland forests and dry inland formations up to 900 m of altitude.

Natural Distribution

It is widespread, scattered throughout Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands, Bismarck Archipelago and New Guinea.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits large, 10 micras or more. Axial parenchyma reticulate. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or squa Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Radial Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

Freshly-sawn timber has slight odor.

Color

The sapwood and heartwood are not distinct, it is straw-yellow with light greenish tinge when fresh, dries to pale orange yellow to light brown.

Grain

It is rarely straight, usually interlocked.

Texture

It is medium texture, sometimes with numerous pores.

Luster

Luster is reported to be low.

Natural Durability

It is prone to blue stain and insect attack if unprotected in green condition.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Internal Growth Stresses

Growth stresses are reported in this species.

Resistance To Impregnation

It is easy to treat with preservatives.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.45

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.49

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.3

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.7

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Seasoning is reported to be very rapid. Boards of 13 mm and 38 mm thick take respectively 1.5 months and 2 months to air dry. Drying Defects: Moderate risk of cupping, insect attack and stain, and a slight risk of splitting are reported.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-J; US-T10-D5S; JP-25

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.4

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

576

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

94971

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

320

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

56

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

82

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

239

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

271

Workability

Sawing

Sawing of this species is reported to be rather easy.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

This timber can be laminated easily but it is not recommended for plywood because of drying problems.

Sliced Veneer

This timber can be laminated easily but it is not recommended for plywood because of drying problems.

Machining

This species is easy to machine.

Planing

Planing operations are rather easy.

Turning

30

Boring

Boring operations are rather easy.

Nailing

This wood is easy to nail.

Gluing

Gluing behavior is reportedly good.

Finishing

It requires filling.

Coatings

It is easy to paint or varnish.

Response To Hand Tools

It is easy to work with hand tools.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, shoes, matches, moldings

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Shutter Boards
  • 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Shoes
  • 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
Matches
  • 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Molding
  • 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão

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